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A cryogenic treatment is the process of treating workpieces to cryogenic temperatures (typically around -300°F / -184°C, or as low as −190 °C (−310 °F)) in order to remove residual stresses and improve wear resistance in steels and other metal alloys, such as aluminum.
Cryogenic treatment can help reduce these residual stresses by creating a denser, smoother surface with improved material and performance properties. The process uses liquid nitrogen to reduce the temperature of heat-treated parts to -300° F.
By promoting the transformation of RA into martensite and precipitating carbon particles that fill microscopic voids, cryogenic treatment increases durability, improves wear resistance, and reduces fatigue failure. This is especially important in tool steels, which are used to shape other materials.